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Northern Thailand
Chiang Mai
Chiang Rai
Kamphaeng Phet
Lampang
Lamphun
Mae Hong Son
Nan
Phayao
Phetchabun
Phichit
Phitsanulok
Phrae
Sukhothai
Tak
Uttaradit
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Northeast Thailand
Amnat Charoen
Buri Ram
Chaiyaphum
Kalasin
Khon Kaen
Loei
Maha Sarakham
Mukdahan
Nakhon Phanom
Nakhon Ratchasima
Nong Khai
Nong Bua Lamphu
Roi Et
Sakon Nakhon
Si Sa Ket
Surin
Udon Thani
Ubon Ratchathani
Yasothon
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Central Thailand
Ang Thong
Ayutthaya
Bangkok
Chachoengsao
Chai Nat
Kanchanaburi
Lopburi
Nakhon Nayok
Nakhon Pathom
Nakhon Sawan
Nonthaburi
Pathum Thani
Phetchaburi
Prachuapkhirikhan
Prachin Buri
Ratchaburi
Samut Prakan
Samut Songkhram
Samut Sakhon
Saraburi
Singburi
Suphan Buri
Uthai Thani
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Eastern Thailand
Chanthaburi
Chon Buri
Rayong
Sa Kaeo
Trat
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Southern Thailand
Chumphon
Krabi
Narathiwat
Nakhonsithammarat
Pattani
Phangnga
Phatthalung
Phuket
Ranong
Satun
Songkhla
Surat Thani
Trang
Yala
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Northeast Thailand
Isan (Isan/Thai: อีสาน; also written as Isaan, Isarn, Issan, or Esarn, IPA: /ɪːsǎːn/, Sanskrit: ईशान्य īśānya "northeast") is the northeast region of Thailand. It is located on the Khorat Plateau, เพียง 100 บาท ก็ลงโฆษณาได้ทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ตกับ บัมคิว bordered by the Mekong River (along the border with Laos) to the north and east, by Cambodia to the southeast and the Prachinburi mountains south of Nakhon Ratchasima. To the west it is separated from Northern and Central Thailand by the Phetchabun mountain range.
From the beginning of the 20th century the region in the northeast Thailand was officially named as Isan, a term adopted from Sanskrit Ishan that means “north east direction.” The Lao-speaking people from this region, who comprise a majority of the population, ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิวราคาไม่แพง ได้ผลดีเยี่ยม distinguish themselves not only from the Lao of Laos but in addition also the central Thai by calling themselves later as Khon Isan, or Thai Isan. The Khmer and Kuy (Suai) who live in the southern part of the northeast region of ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิว สื่อโฆษณาแนวใหม่ กระจายทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ต Thailand communicated in languages and follow custom that are more similar to Cambodia than to the tradition of either the Thai people or the Lao people.
Agriculture is the main economic activity, but due to the socio-economic conditions and hot, dry
climate output lags behind that of other parts of the country. Isan is Thailand's poorest region.
The main language of the region is Isan, which is similar to Laotian. Considered by some to be a dialect of Laotian, but written in the เพียง 100 บาท ก็ลงโฆษณาได้ทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ตกับ บัมคิวThai alphabet, Isan is among the Chiang Seng and Lao-Phutai languages, which are members of the Tai languages of the Kradai language family. Thai is also ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิว สื่อโฆษณาแนวใหม่ กระจายทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ต spoken, with regional accents, by almost everyone. Khmer (the language of Cambodia) is widely spoken in regions near the Cambodian border (Buriram, Surin, and Sisaket). Most of the เพียง 100 บาท ก็ลงโฆษณาได้ทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ตกับ บัมคิว population is of Lao origin, but the region's incorporation into the modern Thai state has been largely successful.
Prominent aspects of the culture of Isan include the indigenous form of folk music, called mor lam (Thai: หมอลำ), Muay Thai (Thai: มวยไทย) boxing, cock fighting, and celebratory processions เพียง 100 บาท ก็ลงโฆษณาได้ทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ตกับ บัมคิว (Thai: กระบวน). Isan food, in which sticky rice (Thai: ข้าวเหนียว, khao niao) and chillies are ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิว สื่อโฆษณาแนวใหม่ กระจายทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ต prominent, is sufficiently distinct from Thai cuisine that it is considered unique. Sticky rice is a staple of Thai Northeastern cuisine, and it accompanies meals frequently.
Agriculture is the largest sector of the economy, generating around 22% of the Gross Regional ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิวราคาไม่แพง ได้ผลดีเยี่ยม Product (compared to 8.5% for Thailand as a whole). Sticky rice, the staple food of the region, is the main agricultural crop (accounting for about 60% of the cultivated land). It thrives in the poorly drained paddy fields, ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิว สื่อโฆษณาแนวใหม่ กระจายทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ต and where fields can be flooded from nearby streams, rivers and ponds, often two harvests are possible each year. Farmers are increasingly diversifying into cash crops such as sugar cane and cassava (manioc) which are cultivated on a vast scale, and to a lesser extent, rubber. Silk production is an important cottage industry and contributes significantly to the economy. The long, narrow fertile province of Nong Khai Province which stretches along the Mekong River is also noted for the production of pineapples, tobacco (which is dried, cured and shredded by the families before collection by the cigarette manufacturers) and tomatoes which are grown on an industrial scale, เพียง 100 บาท ก็ลงโฆษณาได้ทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ตกับ บัมคิว particularly around the town of Sri Chiang Mai.
Despite its dominance of the economy, agriculture in the region is extremely problematic. The climate is prone to drought, while the flat terrain of the plateau is often flooded in the rainy season. เพียง 100 บาท ก็ลงโฆษณาได้ทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ตกับ บัมคิว The tendency to flood renders a large proportion of the land unsuitable for cultivation. In addition, the soil is highly acidic, saline and infertile from overuse. Since the 1970s, agriculture has been declining in importance at the expense of the trade and service sectors.
Very few farmers still use water buffalo rather than tractors. Nowadays, the water buffalo are mainly kept by almost all rural families as status symbols. The main เพียง 100 บาท ก็ลงโฆษณาได้ทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ตกับ บัมคิว piece of agricultural equipment in use today is the 'rot tai na' (Thai: รถไถนา, lit. "vehicle plow field") colloquially referred to as 'kwai lek' (Thai: ควายเหล็ก, or "iron/steel buffalo"), or more generally by its manufacturer's name of "Kobota", a mini tractor comprising a small diesel engine mounted on two wheels with two long wooden or metal handlebars for control and steering. It is usually attached to a trailer or a plow. Buffalo are now mainly used for grazing on the stubble in the rice paddy which they in turn fertilize with their manure. The main animals raised for food are cattle, pigs, chickens, ducks and fish.
Isan is the poorest region of Thailand: in 2002 average wages were the lowest in the country at 3,928 baht per month (the national average was 6,445).
The region's poverty is also shown in its infrastructure: eight of the ten provinces in Thailand with the fewest physicians per capita are in Isan (Sisaket has fewest, with one per 14,661 in 2001; ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิว สื่อโฆษณาแนวใหม่ กระจายทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ต the national average was 3,289); it also has eight of the ten provinces with the fewest hospital beds per head (Chaiyapum has fewest, with one per 1,131 in 2001; the national average was 453). Nevertheless, as in the rest of Thailand, all districts (Amphoe) have a hospital, and all sub districts (tambon) เพียง 100 บาท ก็ลงโฆษณาได้ทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ตกับ บัมคิว have a clinic providing primary health care. The introduction of the "30 baht" health card has dramatically changed the numbers of those attending hospitals for treatment, as it has meant that full health care is available to all who register for only 30 baht per visit. The few who can afford it travel to the modern private hospitals and clinics in the large cities for non urgent specialist consultations and care.
The region also lags in new technology: there was only one Internet connection per 75 households in 2002 (national average one per 22 households), ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิวราคาไม่แพง ได้ผลดีเยี่ยม [update needed] but by 2006 every district town (Amphoe) had at least one publicly accessible internet connection either in the local computer shop or in the district office. Extension of landline telephones to remoter areas not previously served has been largely superseded by the use of cell phones, primarily of the GSM format, which now cover the entire region with the exception of a few sparsely populated mountainous areas and large national parks. Many people, even the poorest and sometimes children, have cellular telephones, although they have no fixed-line telephone. The region also has the lowest literacy rate [source?] when compared with other region in Thailand. By the beginning of 2008 most of the amphoe (district towns of the provinces) had been provided with ADSL by the TOT, still leaving, however, the vast majority of the rural population dependent on dial-up connections - for those who have landline telephones - which are totally inadequate for the megabyte-hungry packages of data of 21st century information. ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิว สื่อโฆษณาแนวใหม่ กระจายทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ต Internet shops are now experiencing a boom for those able to get to them and are heavily patronized by primary and secondary schoolchildren who come not only to use the Internet but also to play on-line games, use VOIP, or just to use the computer and printing facilities. An increasingly significant number of customers in the Internet shops, particularly in the cities, are young ladies searching for future Western husbands on the numerous dating sites. Resident Western expatriates, and foreign tourists are also frequent customers. For those outside the district towns who require a serious use of the Internet in their homes, an iPstar broadband satellite connection is the only alternative; although four times more expensive than a DSL connection, it is far less reliable and suffers considerable down-time due to overloading, heavy cloud cover, and rain and despite - in theory - being ‘always on’, it often lacks the stability for streaming and clarity of VOIP.
Many Isan people seek higher-paying work outside the region, particularly in Bangkok. Some of these people have settled permanently in the city, while some migrate to and fro. Others have emigrated in search of better wages. ลงโฆษณากับบัมคิว สื่อโฆษณาแนวใหม่ กระจายทั่วทั้งอินเตอร์เน็ตRather than relocate as a family they usually leave their babies and school-age children in the care of relatives, friends or neighbours.
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